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Epilobium ciliatum

Raf. (1808)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Myrtales Family: Onagraceae Genus: Epilobium

fringed willow herb

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Unbranched to many-branched perennial herbs 1.5–20 dm tall, propagating by leafy rosettes or rarely fleshy turions at base of stems, strigillose at least on raised lines decurrent from margins of petioles, mixed with glandular pubescence above.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, alternate in the inflorescence. Blades lanceolate to ovate, 3–7 cm long, 0.7–3 cm wide. Surfaces usually subglabrous with strigil­lose margins, rarely densely strigillose or vil­lous. Margins serrulate with usually 15–30 teeth on each side. Petioles 1–2 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in erect or sometimes nodding inflorescences. Flowers bisexual (perfect), 4-merous, erect at anthesis. Sepals keeled, 2–5 mm long, valvate, strigillose and glandular puberulent. Petals white to rose purple, 2–10 mm long, deeply notched. Stamens 8, in two series; anthers versatile, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior, strigillose and glandular puberulent, as many cells and carpels as sepals; ovules anatropous; style 1; stigma clavate or capitate, surrounded by anthers at anthesis.

Fruit: Capsules 4.5–8.5 cm long. Seeds brown; narrowly obovoid; 0.7–1.5 mm long; evidently longitudinally ridged at high magnification; with a short; pellucid beak formed from the connate bases of the bristles of the readily detaching; white coma 6–7 mm long.

Ploidy: 2n = 36

Habitat: Disturbed wet forest.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Accepted Subtaxa (in Hawai'i) (1)

Epilobium ciliatum subsp. ciliatum

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Molokai Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Specimens

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Bibliography

Name Published In: Med. Repos. 2(5): 361 (1808)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. east maui, makawao district, puohokamoa steam, east branch Along stream. Vegetation: Metrosideros West Forest, riparian area heavily disturbed by feral pigs with Deschampsia, Juncus, Cyperus, Axonopus, Lythrum, Paspalum, Sacciolepis. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: h50745 Maui BISH 5/30/2007
2 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. East Maui, Makawao District, Puohokamoa Steam, east branch Along stream. Vegetation: Metrosideros West Forest, riparian area heavily disturbed by feral pigs with Deschampsia, Juncus, Cyperus, Axonopus, Lythrum, Paspalum, Sacciolepis. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Collector Number: H50745 Maui BISH 5/30/2007
3 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. W. Maui, Kauaula Valley. Along perennial stream in NW fork of valley. Disturbed Metrosideros forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H120813 Maui PTBG 12/3/2008
4 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. MAUI: E. Maui, Hana District, between Hanawi and western Kuhiwa Stream headwaters. In disturbed area below cabin. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Coprosma, Melicope, Rubus, Clermontia, Kadua, Juncus, Cyperus, Axonopus, Lythrum, E. billardierianum, Holcus, Hypochaeris, Prunella, Rumex. Coordinates: 20.751014° N 156.123490° W PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H80822 Maui PTBG 8/18/2008
5 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. Puohokamoa Stream, east branch. Metrosideros wet forest, riparian area heavily disturbed by pigs. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H50745 Maui PTBG 5/30/2007
6 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. wailau Valley, tributary of Pulena Stream on S side Along perennial stream. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Bobea, Syzygium, Psychotria, Aleurites, Antidesma, Dicranopteris, Clidemia, Hedychium, Musa, tibouchina, Cyclosorus, Cyperus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H71515 Molokai BISH 7/14/2015
7 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. Wailau Valley. Tributary of Pulena Stream on south side. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H71515 Molokai PTBG 7/14/2015
8 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. Mauna Loa Estates subdivision, intersection of Second Street and Jade Ave Disturbed vegetation located in ohia forest with many introduced species. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gagn??, B.H. Collector Number: 3152 Hawaii BISH 5/21/2000
9 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. Keauhou Ranch, Kau District disturbed open Acacia-Metrosideros mesic forest having a Styphelia-Rubus hawaiensis scrub understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clarke, G. 548 Hawaii BISH 8/26/1980
10 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. Puaahala ahupuaa, upper drainage of Kua Gulch, west of Kalapamoa Ridge in Metrosideros Montane Wet Forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H51516 Molokai BISH 5/19/2015
11 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. Keauhou Ranch, (T-KH), Kau district pastureland PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ESP Field Crew Collector Number: ESP 096 Hawaii BISH 9/6/1979
12 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. East Maui, Makawao District, Kula FR, Waiohuli Uncommon in area burned in January 2007, with Epilobium billardierianum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Collector Number: H70708 Maui BISH 7/20/2007
13 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. East Maui, Kula residence in garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Welton, P. Collector Number: 2116 Maui BISH 7/1/2001
14 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. kohala mts, upper hamakua ditch at end of access rd. above waikoloa reservoirs 1 and 2 Ash bed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. et al. collector number: 5529 Maui BISH 6/23/1985
15 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. Kilauea, N rim of caldera garden; woods around house PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 60559 Hawaii BISH 9/7/1980
16 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. Keauhou Ranch, (T-KH), Kau district pastureland PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ESP Field Crew ESP 096 Hawaii BISH 9/6/1979
17 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. hana, between hanawi and w kuhiva stream headwaters distubed, below cabin; Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Coprosma, Melicope, Rubus, Clermontia, Kadua, Juncus, Cyperus, Axonopus, Lythrum, Epilobium billardierianum, Holcus, Hypochoeris, Prunella, Rumex PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: h80822 Maui BISH 8/18/2008
18 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. mauna loa estates subdivision, intersection of second street and jade ave Disturbed vegetation located in ohia forest with many introduced species. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN gagné, b.h. collector number: 3152 Hawaii BISH 5/21/2000
19 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. east maui, kula residence in garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN welton, p. collector number: 2116 Maui BISH 7/1/2001
20 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. keauhou ranch, (t-kh), kau district pastureland PRESERVED_SPECIMEN esp field crew collector number: esp 096 Hawaii BISH 9/6/1979
21 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. Puna, Volcano Village Dump disturbed area PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 5977 Hawaii BISH 3/13/1988
22 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. Hana, between Hanawi and W Kuhiva Stream headwaters distubed, below cabin; Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Coprosma, Melicope, Rubus, Clermontia, Kadua, Juncus, Cyperus, Axonopus, Lythrum, Epilobium billardierianum, Holcus, Hypochoeris, Prunella, Rumex PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H80822 Maui BISH 8/18/2008
23 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. East Maui, Makawao District, Puohokamoa Steam, east branch Along stream. Vegetation: Metrosideros West Forest, riparian area heavily disturbed by feral pigs with Deschampsia, Juncus, Cyperus, Axonopus, Lythrum, Paspalum, Sacciolepis. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H50745 Maui BISH 5/30/2007
24 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. Kohala Mts, upper Hamakua ditch at end of access rd. above Waikoloa reservoirs 1 and 2 PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 5529 Hawaii BISH 6/23/1985
25 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. West Maui, Lahaina District, Kauaula Valley. Common weed along perennial stream in northwest fork of valley, among boulders, in open disturbed areas. Vegetation: Disturbed Metrosideros forest, with Dodonaea, Pipturus, Cortaderia, Epilobium billardierianum, Buddleia, Lobelia, Ageratina, Lythrum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H120813 Maui BISH 12/3/2008
26 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. Hana, between Hanawi and W Kuhiva Stream headwaters distubed, below cabin; Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Coprosma, Melicope, Rubus, Clermontia, Kadua, Juncus, Cyperus, Axonopus, Lythrum, Epilobium billardierianum, Holcus, Hypochoeris, Prunella, Rumex PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Collector Number: H80822 Maui BISH 8/18/2008
27 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. keauhou ranch, kau district disturbed open Acacia-Metrosideros mesic forest having a Styphelia-Rubus hawaiensis scrub understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN clarke, g. collector number: 548 Hawaii BISH 8/26/1980
28 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. east maui, makawao district, kula fr, waiohuli Uncommon in area burned in January 2007, with Epilobium billardierianum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: h70708 Maui BISH 7/20/2007
29 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. kilauea, n rim of caldera garden; woods around house PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 60559 Hawaii BISH 9/7/1980
30 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. Keauhou Ranch, Kau District disturbed open Acacia-Metrosideros mesic forest having a Styphelia-Rubus hawaiensis scrub understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clarke, G. Collector Number: 548 Hawaii BISH 8/26/1980
31 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. piha, n hilo mesic forest; Acacia koa, Metrosideros, Nestegis sandwicensis, Myrsine lessertiana, Coprosma, Dodonaea viscosa, Pouteria sandwicensis, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Wikstroemia oahuensis, Rubus hawaiensis, Cheirodendron trigynum, Psychotria, Pipturus albidus PRESERVED_SPECIMEN perlman, s.p. perry, l.; bio, k.; conant, p. collector number: 20509 Hawaii BISH 7/11/2007
32 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. East Maui, Kula residence in garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Welton, P. 2116 Maui BISH 7/1/2001
33 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. East Maui, Kula Forest Reserve along access road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 4374 Maui BISH 7/9/2014
34 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. Piha, N Hilo mesic forest; Acacia koa, Metrosideros, Nestegis sandwicensis, Myrsine lessertiana, Coprosma, Dodonaea viscosa, Pouteria sandwicensis, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Wikstroemia oahuensis, Rubus hawaiensis, Cheirodendron trigynum, Psychotria, Pipturus albidus PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. 20509 Hawaii BISH 7/11/2007
35 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. puna, volcano village dump Growing in wetland next to highway, ocean side, near Chinamans Hat. Trailing over other wetland plants. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. imada, c.; takeuchi, w. collector number: 5977 Oahu BISH 3/13/1988
36 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. Mauna Loa Estates subdivision, intersection of Second Street and Jade Ave Disturbed vegetation located in ohia forest with many introduced species. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Gagne, B.H. 3152 Hawaii BISH 5/21/2000
37 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. Piha, N Hilo mesic forest; Acacia koa, Metrosideros, Nestegis sandwicensis, Myrsine lessertiana, Coprosma, Dodonaea viscosa, Pouteria sandwicensis, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Wikstroemia oahuensis, Rubus hawaiensis, Cheirodendron trigynum, Psychotria, Pipturus albidus PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S.P. Perry, L.; Bio, K.; Conant, P. Collector Number: 20509 Hawaii BISH 7/11/2007
38 Epilobium ciliatum Raf. East Maui, Makawao District, Kula FR, Waiohuli Uncommon in area burned in January 2007, with Epilobium billardierianum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H70708 Maui BISH 7/20/2007
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